Title | fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2005 |
Authors | Schiff, N D., Rodriguez-Moreno D, Kamal A, Kim K H. S., Giacino J T., Plum F, and Hirsch J |
Journal | Neurology |
Volume | 64 |
Issue | 3 |
Pagination | 514-23 |
Date Published | 2005 Feb 8 |
ISSN | 1526-632X |
Keywords | Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Attention, Auditory Cortex, Awareness, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Craniocerebral Trauma, Encephalomalacia, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Persistent Vegetative State, Physical Stimulation, Somatosensory Cortex, Temporal Lobe, Touch, Verbal Behavior, Wounds, Nonpenetrating |
Abstract | BACKGROUND: The minimally conscious state (MCS) resulting from severe brain damage refers to a subset of patients who demonstrate unequivocal, but intermittent, behavioral evidence of awareness of self or their environment. Although clinical examination may suggest residual cognitive function, neurobiological correlates of putative cognition in MCS have not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that MCS patients retain active cerebral networks that underlie cognitive function even though command following and communication abilities are inconsistent. METHODS: fMRI was employed to investigate cortical responses to passive language and tactile stimulation in two male adults with severe brain injuries leading to MCS and in seven healthy volunteers. RESULTS: In the case of the patient language-related tasks, auditory stimulation with personalized narratives elicited cortical activity in the superior and middle temporal gyrus. The healthy volunteers imaged during comparable passive language stimulation demonstrated responses similar to the patients' responses. However, when the narratives were presented as a time-reversed signal, and therefore without linguistic content, the MCS patients demonstrated markedly reduced responses as compared with volunteer subjects, suggesting reduced engagement for "linguistically" meaningless stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: The first fMRI maps of cortical activity associated with language processing and tactile stimulation of patients in the minimally conscious state (MCS) are presented. These findings of active cortical networks that serve language functions suggest that some MCS patients may retain widely distributed cortical systems with potential for cognitive and sensory function despite their inability to follow simple instructions or communicate reliably. |
DOI | 10.1212/01.WNL.0000150883.10285.44 |
Alternate Journal | Neurology |
PubMed ID | 15699384 |
Grant List | R21 NS43451 / NS / NINDS NIH HHS / United States |
Submitted by mam2155 on January 7, 2014 - 10:53am